アイザックニュウトン

高校二年の教科書をやっているが、すっかり忘れている。でも、書き込みがすごい。先生が熱心に教えてくれていたのだろう。

so fascinated was he by this discovery that he tried the experiment over and over again.
every time he found that , on passing through the prism, the ray of light was transformed into a row of colors.
プリズムを通って通過するとき、光線が、光の列に変形させられるということを発見した。
he counted seven colors in all: red, orange, yellow , green, blue, indigo, and violet.
to make certain that the colors he had seen were not caused by a flaw in his prism.
プリズムとは透明なガラスで出来た三角柱
彼がみた色が、プリズムのひびによってできたものではない、ことを確かめるため。
newton tried this experiment with many different prisms.
every time the sunbeam was transformed into a band of the same seven colors.
いつも、光線が、同じ７つの束に変形させられた。
next , newton used two prisms, placing them so that the ray might pass first through one and then through the other which he placed upside down.
次ぎに、ニュートンは、プリズムを使って、それらを、光線がはじめに、一つを通過して、それから、逆さまにおいたもうひとつを通過するようにおいた。
this time the sunbeam threw a white spot on the wall and no colors　were to be seen.
今度は、太陽光線は、壁の上に、白い点を投じた。いかなる色も見られなかった。
newton now saw that he had made a great discovery.
sunlight , he decided, was made up of differently colored rays.
太陽光線は、違った色の光線から出来ているものだ。
when light passed through the first prism it was split up into the seven colors.
光が最初のプリズムを通るとき、それは、７つの色に、分けられる。

the second prism combined these colors again so that once more a ray of colorless light could be seen.
第二のプリズムがこれらの色を再び、結びつける。　もう一度色の無い光線が見られるようにと。
these experiments showed newton why he could not improve on the old kind of telescope.
古い種類の望遠鏡を改良できない。
he realized that the rays of light in passing through such telescopes would always cause patches of color to be seen, just as they did when they passed through a prism.
そのような望遠鏡を通過するとき、光線は、いつも、色のつぎはぎが、みられるようになるのだろう、ちょうど。プリズムを通るときに、それらがそうなるように・・。
so he set about designing a telescope of his own.
だから、彼は、自身で望遠鏡を設計することに取りかかった。
this had an opening in its side, through which the observer saw the image reflected in a mirror placed inside the telescope.
これが、その内側にオープニングを持つ。それを通じて、観察者が、望遠鏡の内側に置かれた鏡で反射された像を見るのだ。
thus newton managed to avoid "color trouble" in his telescope.
the first telescope that newton made was very small, no more than six inches long and one inch in diameter.
it magnified forty times and gave a very clear image.
small as it was , newton's first reflecting telescope was the model of the huge and powerful telescopes now used by astronomers at such famous observatories as greenwich and mount wilson.
if it had not been for his ingenious use of prisms, the progress of astronomy might have been much retarded.
プリズムの独創的な使用がなかったならば、天文学の進歩が大いに遅れたかもしれぬ。